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    <title>全球视野下的犹太文明 - 北京大学通选课</title>
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<body>
    <!-- 导航栏 -->
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            <div class="header-content">
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                    <div class="logo-text">全球视野下的犹太文明</div>
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                <nav>
                    <ul>
                        <li><a href="#history">犹太历史</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#antisemitism">反犹主义</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#holocaust">大屠杀</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#contributions">科学贡献</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#china-help">中国援助</a></li>
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    </header>

    <!-- 英雄区域 -->
    <section class="hero">
        <div class="hero-content">
            <h1>全球视野下的犹太文明</h1>
            <p>北京大学通选课 - 探索犹太民族悠久的历史、独特的文化、经历的苦难以及对世界的巨大贡献</p>
            <a href="#history" class="btn">探索更多</a>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- 主要内容 -->
    <main class="container">
        <!-- 犹太历史部分 -->
        <section id="history" class="visible">
            <div class="section-header">
                <h2>犹太历史</h2>
                <p>犹太民族拥有超过3000年的悠久历史，起源于古代中东地区。他们的历史充满了迁徙、迫害、适应和复兴。</p>
            </div>
            
            <div class="timeline">
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://ts1.tc.mm.bing.net/th/id/R-C.3a833c52e4a7a57dc833186660b12e9a?rik=vPe4Sz%2bWDFd46g&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.zgaxr.com%2fUploadFiles%2fPhoto%2f2011%2f5%2f201105040416171856.jpg&ehk=weBWM2ka2pksvEM6dBdQKZzcQEFgjx0%2bcYiL83GoM9g%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">公元前1800-1500年</span>
                            <h3>始祖时代</h3>
                            <p>亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各时期，犹太民族的始祖时代，奠定了犹太民族的基础。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://p1.ssl.qhimg.com/t01abdd93ef0f17ad6d.jpg')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">公元前1250年</span>
                            <h3>出埃及记</h3>
                            <p>摩西带领以色列人出埃及，接受十诫，形成犹太教基本教义和法律体系。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/83025aafa40f4bfb7f23ca620e4f78f0f7361810')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">公元前1000年</span>
                            <h3>以色列王国</h3>
                            <p>大卫王建立统一的以色列王国，所罗门王建造第一圣殿，成为犹太民族的黄金时代。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://ts1.tc.mm.bing.net/th/id/R-C.537389384736945262a5e05e16111ca0?rik=bHtNt6y%2fjZOV4Q&riu=http%3a%2f%2fk.sinaimg.cn%2fn%2fsinacn14%2f12%2fw490h322%2f20180608%2f8829-hcscwxa4535186.jpg%2fw700d1q75cms.jpg&ehk=jYNfrQW1Jp%2bZ%2b75UKX2ZtJdJz27JYSI5GSFstEp%2bsTo%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">公元前586年</span>
                            <h3>巴比伦之囚</h3>
                            <p>第一圣殿被毁，犹太人被掳至巴比伦，开始大流散时期。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://ts1.tc.mm.bing.net/th/id/R-C.3ed2f272e5e196513ca7c50474096e4f?rik=9XI0SXVv2Quzkw&riu=http%3a%2f%2fn.sinaimg.cn%2fsinakd20221229ac%2f317%2fw660h457%2f20221229%2f94a5-1531af6040b1927f123742979ca59b33.jpg&ehk=gEmN94g%2fZ2KOKTYgiFnt%2b%2busYfkQMsW4Eb9Yw000Ayo%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">公元70年</span>
                            <h3>第二圣殿被毁</h3>
                            <p>罗马帝国摧毁第二圣殿，犹太人开始近2000年的全球流散。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="timeline-item">
                    <div class="timeline-content">
                        <div class="timeline-img" style="background-image: url('https://k.sinaimg.cn/n/sinacn10110/476/w800h476/20200116/e41a-imztzhp4265175.jpg/w700d1q75cms.jpg')"></div>
                        <div class="timeline-text">
                            <span class="timeline-year">1948年</span>
                            <h3>以色列建国</h3>
                            <p>以色列国成立，犹太人重新建立自己的国家，开启新的历史篇章。</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- 反犹主义部分 -->
        <section id="antisemitism">
            <div class="section-header">
                <h2>反犹主义的历史与表现</h2>
                <p>反犹主义是指对犹太人的歧视、偏见和仇恨，其历史可以追溯到古代，并在不同时期以不同形式表现出来。</p>
            </div>
            
            <div class="card-grid">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://otiministry.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/medieval-fresco.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>宗教反犹主义</h3>
                        <p>早期反犹主义主要基于宗教差异，基督徒指责犹太人杀害耶稣，拒绝接受基督教，导致长期宗教迫害。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://www.forwardpathway.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/antisemitism_and_social_justice_on_campus-1200x628-cropped.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>种族反犹主义</h3>
                        <p>19世纪，反犹主义从宗教转向种族，将犹太人视为劣等种族，导致大规模迫害和种族歧视政策。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/d1a20cf431adcbef7609c90574fd39dda3cc7cd9312f')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>政治反犹主义</h3>
                        <p>纳粹德国将反犹主义制度化，制定纽伦堡法案，剥夺犹太人权利，最终导致系统性迫害和大屠杀。</p>
                     </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- 大屠杀部分 -->
        <section id="holocaust">
            <div class="section-header">
                <h2>大屠杀：人类历史的黑暗篇章</h2>
                <p>大屠杀（Shoah）是纳粹德国及其合作者对约600万犹太人进行的有系统、有组织的种族灭绝。</p>
            </div>
            
            <div class="card-grid">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://n.sinaimg.cn/sinakd10112/7/w500h307/20200806/c764-ixkvvuc5203022.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>集中营系统</h3>
                        <p>纳粹建立了包括奥斯维辛、特雷布林卡等在内的集中营和灭绝营，实施工业化的大规模屠杀。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://pica.zhimg.com/v2-561543fe1c9a5dba41f69757b9df290e_1440w.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>最终解决方案</h3>
                        <p>1942年的万湖会议确定了"最终解决方案"，即系统性地消灭欧洲犹太人，这是人类历史上最黑暗的计划之一。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://img.d-arts.cn/grab_img/65682d70c86628b80ad7e2a5cac7934f1621237725.jpeg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>纪念与反思</h3>
                        <p>今天，世界各地的大屠杀纪念馆和教育中心致力于保存这段历史，防止类似悲剧重演，警示后人。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- 引用部分 -->
        <section class="quote-section">
            <div class="quote">
                "那些不记得过去的人，注定要重蹈覆辙。我们必须铭记历史，才能创造更美好的未来。"
                <div class="quote-author">- 乔治·桑塔亚那</div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- 科学贡献部分 -->
        <section id="contributions">
            <div class="section-header">
                <h2>犹太人对科学与文明的贡献</h2>
                <p>尽管面临迫害与歧视，犹太民族在科学、哲学、艺术、商业等各个领域都做出了卓越贡献。</p>
            </div>
            
            <div class="card-grid">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://p3-sdbk2-media.byteimg.com/tos-cn-i-xv4ileqgde/4e2c2e63c6274a6c8fba156ff172ebeb~tplv-xv4ileqgde-resize-w:360.image')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦</h3>
                        <p>相对论的创立者，现代物理学之父，1921年诺贝尔物理学奖得主，彻底改变了人类对宇宙的认识。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-fa7aa00063dc624ffb7206526f4b2707_720w.jpg%3Fsource%3D172ae18b')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</h3>
                        <p>精神分析学创始人，对人类心理和潜意识研究产生深远影响，开创了现代心理学的新领域。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://historyofvaccines.org/static/cd8f42a25d04e90d38f32c37f967fb03/07f42/history-event-000359_2.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>乔纳斯·索尔克</h3>
                        <p>研发了第一个安全有效的脊髓灰质炎疫苗，拯救了无数生命，为全球公共卫生做出巨大贡献。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
            <div class="section-header" style="margin-top: 4rem;">
                <h3>诺贝尔奖中的犹太裔获奖者</h3>
                <p>尽管犹太人只占全球人口的0.2%，但他们获得了超过20%的诺贝尔奖，在物理学、化学、医学和经济学领域表现尤为突出。</p>
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            <div class="card-grid">
                <div class="card">
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                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>物理学</h3>
                        <p>阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、尼尔斯·玻尔、理查德·费曼等超过50位犹太裔物理学家获得诺贝尔奖。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://img95.699pic.com/photo/32154/6422.jpg_wh860.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>化学</h3>
                        <p>阿道夫·冯·拜尔、梅尔文·卡尔文等超过30位犹太裔化学家获得诺贝尔化学奖。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://img95.699pic.com/photo/50065/5426.jpg_wh860.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>生理学或医学</h3>
                        <p>埃利·梅契尼科夫、保罗·埃尔利希等超过50位犹太裔科学家获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://ts1.tc.mm.bing.net/th/id/R-C.fecef519932d61e71e4ee96a6c85965a?rik=ttW6F%2bH7GfaNUQ&riu=http%3a%2f%2fe0.ifengimg.com%2f06%2f2019%2f0531%2f244B6D33C73A0881A11BCF815558356FE7D34260_size61_w608_h458.jpeg&ehk=vjF9iZic0ogXlEXgY%2fq%2fLndPFyjV1edQcwmqcxRQLqk%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>经济学</h3>
                        <p>保罗·萨缪尔森、米尔顿·弗里德曼等超过30位犹太裔经济学家获得诺贝尔经济学奖。</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- 中国援助部分 -->
        <section id="china-help">
            <div class="section-header">
                <h2>中国对犹太民族的帮助</h2>
                <p>在犹太民族最困难的时期，中国向他们提供了庇护和帮助，这段历史成为中以友好关系的重要基础。</p>
            </div>
            
            <div class="card-grid">
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://www.bijingdi.com/uploadfile/2023/1031/20231031184509683.jpg')">
                    </div>
                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>上海避难所</h3>
                        <p>1933-1941年间，上海接纳了近3万名犹太难民，成为他们逃离纳粹迫害的避风港，被称为"东方诺亚方舟"。</p>
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                </div>
                
                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://ts1.tc.mm.bing.net/th/id/R-C.c75d168b65abdec07452cb4c6044de73?rik=u%2fmsV7KYOwMtXQ&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.xinfajia.net%2fupfile%2fimage%2f20170120%2f1484880510328084500.jpg&ehk=GY35guczjYXOMBKieECmMn6HjKoCPmQ2S0xFjDbWg28%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0')">
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                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>何凤山：中国的辛德勒</h3>
                        <p>中国驻维也纳总领事何凤山向数千名犹太人发放签证，帮助他们逃离纳粹控制区，拯救了无数生命。</p>
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                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-img" style="background-image: url('https://n.sinaimg.cn/sinacn10110/237/w645h392/20190623/330d-hyvnhqp8692790.jpg')">
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                    <div class="card-content">
                        <h3>历史上的开封犹太人</h3>
                        <p>早在宋朝时期，就有犹太商人定居开封，与当地文化融合，形成独特的犹太-中国文化，见证了两大古老文明的交流。</p>
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                <h2>兼容并包，思想自由</h2>
                <p>作为北京大学通选课《全球视野下的犹太文明》的学习成果，我们呼吁以开放包容的心态看待世界文明和异质文化，摒弃对犹太文明的无故敌视。</p>
                <div class="pku-motto">"兼容并包，思想自由"</div>
                <p>让我们以北大精神为指引，尊重文化多样性，理解历史复杂性，促进文明对话，共同构建人类命运共同体。</p>
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                    <h3>全球视野下的犹太文明</h3>
                    <p>北京大学通选课 - 探索犹太民族悠久的历史、独特的文化、经历的苦难以及对世界的巨大贡献。</p>
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                <p style="margin-top: 1rem;">以"兼容并包，思想自由"的心态看待世界文明和异质文化，摒弃对犹太文明无故敌视</p>
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